The Silent Response: Recognizing Dissociation in Trauma Survivors
April is Sexual Assault Awareness Month—a time to deepen our understanding of trauma and renew our commitment to survivor-centered care. One often-misunderstood trauma response is dissociation. For many survivors of sexual violence, dissociation becomes a way to endure and survive the unbearable. Recognizing its nuances can deepen our ability to support survivors effectively. In this blog, we will explore the mechanics of dissociation, how it manifests, and strategies for trauma-informed responses.
What is Dissociation?
Dissociation is a mental process where an individual disconnects from their thoughts, feelings, memories, or sense of identity. It often develops as a protective response to trauma, allowing the survivor to mentally “escape” unbearable situations.
Types of Dissociation:
Mild Dissociation: Includes daydreaming or “zoning out” during a task—common and typically harmless.
Moderate Dissociation: Detachment from emotions or surroundings, such as feeling numb or unreal (depersonalization and derealization).
Severe Dissociation: More complex manifestations like amnesia, identity disruptions, or Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), often tied to chronic or severe trauma.
How Dissociation Manifests in Survivors:
Dissociation may display itself in various ways, such as:
Emotional Numbness: Survivors may appear disconnected or unable to access emotions.
Memory Gaps: Inability to recall parts of their trauma or recent experiences.
Detached Presentation: Survivors may speak in a monotone voice or appear distant.
Physical Symptoms: Dizziness, feeling “foggy,” or reporting that they feel “outside their body.”
Dissociative Triggers: Certain smells, sounds, or situations may trigger an episode of dissociation, even if the survivor doesn’t fully understand why.
Why Understanding Dissociation Matters in Supporting a Survivor’s Journey:
Dissociation can impact how survivors engage with services, retain information, and make decisions. Misinterpreting dissociative behavior as a lack of interest or effort may lead to frustration on both sides. Recognizing dissociation as a trauma response ensures a compassionate and informed approach.
Trauma-Informed Strategies for Supporting Survivors with Dissociation:
Stay Grounded and Calm: Your demeanor can help anchor clients. Use a steady, soothing tone and non-judgmental language.
Practice Grounding Techniques: Offer exercises like: Ask them to describe 5 things they see, 4 things they hear, 3 things they can touch, 2 things they can smell, and 1 thing they can taste. Encourage deep, paced breathing.
Validate Their Experience: Avoid minimizing their feelings or trying to “fix” their dissociation. Instead, say things like: “It sounds like you’re feeling disconnected right now. That’s a common response to what you’ve been through,” and “You’re safe here. Let’s take some time to help you feel more present.”
Be Mindful of Triggers: Help survivors identify their triggers and adjust your environment or approach to reduce re-traumatization.
Focus on Consistency and Predictability: Dissociation thrives in chaos but is eased by structure. Provide clear communication, set consistent expectations, and give advance notice for changes.
Resources for Further Learning:
The Brain on Trauma: Domestic Violence and PTSD – Women’s Advocates Webinar PDF
Trauma & Dissociation Fact Sheets – International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation
Addressing dissociation symptoms with trauma-focused mentalization-based treatment – Taylor & Francis, Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Research
Understanding dissociation is the key to ensuring survivors feel supported in their journey towards healing.
This is especially vital during Sexual Assault Awareness Month, as we amplify the voices of survivors and strengthen our tools for compassionate response. By recognizing dissociation and responding with empathy, we honor their resilience and foster environments where healing is possible.
